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there has been an increase in public interest

  • 1 increase

    A n
    1 ( in amount) augmentation f (in de) ; price/pay increase augmentation de prix/de salaire ; a sudden increase in unemployment une soudaine augmentation du taux de chômage ; an increase of 5%, a 5% increase une augmentation de 5% ; an increase of 20% in the cost of sth une augmentation de 20% du prix de qch ;
    2 ( in degree) accroissement m ; an increase in support for the policy un nombre croissant de personnes favorables à la politique ; there has been an increase in public interest le public s'y intéresse de plus en plus ; to be on the increase être en progression.
    B vtr
    1 gen augmenter [sales, grant, offer, temperature, anxiety] ; to increase one's chances of doing augmenter ses chances de faire ; to increase the risk of augmenter les risques de [failure, disease etc] ; to increase sth by augmenter qch de [amount, percentage] ; to increase life expectancy by five years prolonger l'espérance de vie de cinq ans ; to increase sth to augmenter qch jusqu'à ; I increased my offer to $100 je suis monté à 100 dollars ;
    2 ( in knitting) augmenter de [stitch].
    C vi
    1 gen [output, sales, volume, strength, intensity] augmenter ; [appetite] grandir ; [workload] s'accroître ; to increase by augmenter de [amount, percentage] ; to increase in number/value augmenter en nombre/valeur ; to increase in volume augmenter de volume ; to increase in size s'agrandir ; to increase from… to passer de… à ;
    2 Meteorol [wind] se lever ; ( at sea) forcir ;
    3 ( in knitting) augmenter.
    D increasing pres p adj [prices, number] croissant ; with increasing frequency de plus en plus fréquemment.
    E increased pp adj [choice, demand, probability] plus grand ; [attacks] plus fréquent ; [inequality] plus marqué ; an increased risk of cancer un risque accru de cancer.

    Big English-French dictionary > increase

  • 2 business

    business ['bɪznɪs]
    1 noun
    (a) Commerce (company, firm) affaire f, entreprise f;
    ∎ there has been an increase in the number of small businesses throughout the country il y a eu une augmentation du nombre des petites entreprises à travers le pays;
    ∎ he's got a mail-order business il a une affaire ou entreprise de vente par correspondance;
    ∎ would you like to have or to run your own business? aimeriez-vous travailler à votre compte?;
    ∎ business for sale (on sign, in advertisement) commerce à vendre
    (b) (UNCOUNT) Commerce & Industry (trade) affaires fpl; (commerce) commerce m;
    ∎ business is good/bad les affaires vont bien/mal;
    ∎ business is slow les affaires ne vont pas;
    ∎ how's business? comment vont les affaires?;
    ∎ hours of business (sign) heures d'ouverture;
    ∎ to go to London on business aller à Londres pour affaires;
    ∎ a profitable piece of business une affaire rentable ou qui rapporte;
    ∎ we have lost business to foreign competitors nous avons perdu une partie de notre clientèle au profit de concurrents étrangers;
    ∎ we can help you to increase your business nous pouvons vous aider à augmenter votre chiffre d'affaires;
    ∎ the travel business les métiers ou le secteur du tourisme;
    ∎ she's in the fashion business elle est dans la mode;
    ∎ my business is pharmaceuticals je travaille dans l'industrie pharmaceutique;
    ∎ she knows her business elle connaît son métier;
    ∎ he's in business il est dans les affaires;
    ∎ this firm has been in business for 25 years cette entreprise tourne depuis 25 ans;
    ∎ she's in business for herself elle travaille à son compte;
    ∎ to set up in business ouvrir un commerce;
    ∎ he wants to go into business il veut travailler dans les affaires;
    ∎ what's his line of business?, what business is he in? qu'est-ce qu'il fait (comme métier)?;
    ∎ the best in the business le meilleur de tous;
    ∎ I'm not in the business of solving your problems ce n'est pas à moi de résoudre tes problèmes;
    ∎ these high interest rates will put us out of business ces taux d'intérêt élevés vont nous obliger à fermer;
    ∎ to go out of business cesser une activité, faire faillite;
    ∎ he's got no business sense il n'a pas le sens des affaires;
    ∎ she has a good head for business elle a le sens des affaires;
    ∎ to do business with sb faire affaire ou des affaires avec qn;
    ∎ figurative he's a man we can do business with c'est un homme avec lequel nous pouvons traiter;
    ∎ shop that does good business commerce qui marche bien;
    ∎ I've come on business je suis venu pour le travail ou pour affaires;
    ∎ big business is running the country le gros commerce gouverne le pays;
    ∎ selling weapons is big business la vente d'armes rapporte beaucoup d'argent;
    ∎ from now on I'll take my business elsewhere désormais j'irai voir ou je m'adresserai ailleurs;
    ∎ they've put a lot of business our way ils nous ont donné beaucoup de travail;
    ∎ it's bad business to refuse credit c'est mauvais en affaires de refuser le crédit;
    ∎ we're not in the business of providing free meals ce n'est pas notre rôle de fournir des repas gratuits;
    ∎ University a degree in business, a business degree un diplôme de gestion;
    ∎ let's get down to business passons aux choses sérieuses;
    ∎ (now) we're in business! nous voilà partis!;
    ∎ to talk business parler affaires
    ∎ it's my (own) business if I decide not to go c'est mon affaire ou cela ne regarde que moi si je décide de ne pas y aller;
    ∎ what business is it of yours? est-ce que cela vous regarde?;
    ∎ it's none of your business cela ne vous regarde pas;
    ∎ tell him to mind his own business dis-lui de se mêler de ses affaires;
    ∎ I was just walking along, minding my own business, when… je marchais tranquillement dans la rue quand…;
    ∎ what's your business (with him)? que (lui) voulez-vous?;
    ∎ I'll make it my business to find out je m'occuperai d'en savoir plus;
    ∎ people going about their business des gens vaquant à leurs occupations;
    ∎ it's/it's not my business to… c'est/ce n'est pas à moi de…;
    ∎ you had no business reading that letter vous n'aviez pas à lire cette lettre;
    ∎ I could see she meant business je voyais qu'elle ne plaisantait pas;
    ∎ I soon sent him about his business je l'ai vite envoyé promener;
    ∎ familiar he drank like nobody's business il buvait comme un trou;
    ∎ familiar she worked like nobody's business to get it finished elle a travaillé comme un forçat pour tout terminer;
    ∎ British familiar it's the business (excellent) c'est impec'
    (d) (matter, task)
    ∎ the business of this meeting is the training budget l'ordre du jour de cette réunion est le budget de formation;
    ∎ any other business (on agenda) points mpl divers;
    ∎ any other business? d'autres questions à l'ordre du jour?;
    ∎ she had important business to discuss elle avait à parler d'affaires importantes;
    ∎ that investigation of police misconduct was a dirty business l'enquête sur la bavure policière a été une sale affaire;
    ∎ it's a bad or sad or sorry business c'est une bien triste affaire;
    ∎ this strike business has gone on long enough cette histoire de grève a assez duré;
    ∎ I'm tired of the whole business je suis las de toute cette histoire
    ∎ it was a real business getting tickets for the concert ça a été toute une affaire pour avoir des billets pour le concert
    (f) Theatre jeux mpl de scène
    ∎ the dog did his business and ran off le chien a fait ses besoins et a détalé
    d'affaires
    ►► Banking business account compte m professionnel ou commercial;
    business accounting comptabilité f commerciale;
    business acumen sens m des affaires;
    business address adresse f professionnelle;
    business administration gestion f commerciale;
    business associate associé(e) m,f;
    business bank banque f d'affaires;
    business banking operations fpl des banques d'affaires;
    Commerce business card carte f de visite;
    business centre centre m des affaires;
    business class (on aeroplane) classe f affaires;
    ∎ to travel business class voyager en classe affaires;
    British business college école f de commerce; (for management training) école f (supérieure) de gestion;
    business computing informatique f de gestion;
    Journalism business correspondent correspondant(e) m,f financier(ère);
    familiar business end (of knife) partie f coupante□ ; (of gun) gueule□ f;
    Business Expansion Scheme ≃ plan m d'aide à l'investissement;
    business expenses (for individual) frais mpl professionnels; (for firm) frais mpl généraux;
    business failure défaillance f d'entreprise;
    Computing business graphics graphiques mpl de gestion;
    business hours (of office) heures fpl de bureau; (of shop, public service) heures fpl d'ouverture;
    Computing business intelligence system réactique f;
    Administration business letter lettre f commerciale;
    business lunch déjeuner m d'affaires;
    business manager Commerce & Industry directeur(trice) m,f commercial(e); Sport manager m; Theatre directeur(trice) m,f;
    business meeting rendez-vous m d'affaires;
    business park zone f d'activités;
    business plan projet m commercial;
    business portfolio portefeuille m d'activités;
    business premises locaux mpl commerciaux;
    American business reply, British business reply card carte-réponse f;
    business reply envelope enveloppe f préaffranchie;
    business school école f de commerce;
    School & University business studies études fpl commerciales ou de commerce;
    business suit complet m (-veston) m;
    business transaction transaction f commerciale;
    business travel voyages mpl d'affaires;
    business traveller = personne qui voyage pour affaires;
    business trip voyage m d'affaires;
    ∎ to go on a business trip voyager pour affaires

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > business

  • 3 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
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    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 4 service

    1. noun
    1) (doing of work for employer etc.) Dienst, der

    do service as something — als etwas dienen

    he died in the service of his country — er starb in Pflichterfüllung für sein Vaterland

    2) (something done to help others)

    services — Dienste; (Econ.) Dienstleistungen

    [in recognition of her] services to the hospital/state — [in Anerkennung ihrer] Verdienste um das Krankenhaus/den Staat

    3) (Eccl.) Gottesdienst, der
    4) (act of attending to customer) Service, der; (in shop, garage, etc.) Bedienung, die
    5) (system of transport) Verbindung, die

    the number 325 bus service — die Buslinie Nr. 325

    6) (provision of maintenance)

    [after-sale or follow-up] service — Kundendienst, der

    7) no pl., no art. (operation) Betrieb, der

    bring into service — in Betrieb nehmen

    go or come into service — in Betrieb genommen werden

    8) (Tennis etc.) Aufschlag, der

    whose service is it? — wer hat Aufschlag?

    9) (crockery set) Service, das

    dessert/tea service — Dessert-/Tee-Service, das

    can I be of service [to you]? — kann ich Ihnen behilflich sein?

    12)

    BBC World Service — BBC Weltsender

    13) in pl. (Brit.): (public supply) Versorgungseinrichtungen
    14) (Mil.)

    the [armed or fighting] services — die Streitkräfte

    15) (being servant)

    be in/go into service — in Stellung sein/gehen (veralt.) ( with bei)

    2. transitive verb
    1) (provide maintenance for) warten [Wagen, Waschmaschine, Heizung]
    2) (pay interest on) Zinsen zahlen für [Schulden]
    * * *
    (the ships of a country that are employed in trading, and their crews: His son has joined the merchant navy.) Handels-...
    * * *
    ser·vice
    [ˈsɜ:vɪs, AM ˈsɜ:r-]
    I. n
    1. no pl (help for customers) Service m; (in hotels, restaurants, shops) Bedienung f
    customer \service Kundendienst m
    to be at sb's \service ( hum) jdm zu Diensten stehen hum
    to offer \service Hilfe anbieten
    2. (act of working) Dienst m, Dienstleistung f
    3. ( form: assistance) Unterstützung f; (aid, help) Hilfe f; (being useful) Gefälligkeit f, [guter] Dienst
    ▪ to be of \service [to sb] [jdm] von Nutzen sein [o nützen]
    I'm just glad to have been of \service es freut mich, dass ich mich ein wenig nützlich machen konnte
    to need the \services of a surveyor einen Gutachter/eine Gutachterin brauchen
    to do sb a \service jdm einen Dienst erweisen
    to see some [or give good] \service ( fig) viel im Einsatz sein
    these boots have seen some \service! diese Stiefel sind ziemlich strapaziert worden!
    4. (public or government department) Dienst m
    civil/diplomatic \service öffentlicher/diplomatischer Dienst
    5. (system for public) Dienst m; (organization for public) Beratungsdienst m, Beratungsstelle f
    ambulance \service Rettungsdienst m
    bus/train \service Bus-/Zugverbindung f
    counselling \service psychologischer Beratungsdienst
    health \service Gesundheitsdienst m, Gesundheitswesen nt ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ
    prison \service Strafvollzug m
    [public] transport \service [öffentliches] Transportwesen
    6. (operation) Betrieb m
    postal \service Postwesen nt, Post f fam
    to operate a [normal/reduced] \service bus, train eine [normale/eingeschränkte] Verbindung unterhalten [o betreiben
    7. (roadside facilities)
    ▪ \services pl Raststätte f
    8. (tennis, etc.) Aufschlag m
    to lose one's \service seinen Aufschlag abgeben
    9. (armed forces) Militär nt
    ▪ the \services das Militär nt kein pl
    to spend time [or be] in the \service beim Militär sein
    to be [un]fit for \service militär[un]tauglich sein
    military \service Militärdienst m
    a career in the \services eine militärische Laufbahn
    10. (religious ceremony) Gottesdienst m
    funeral \service Trauergottesdienst m
    morning/evening \service Frühmesse f/Abendandacht f
    to go to [or attend] a \service zu einem Gottesdienst gehen, einen Gottesdienst besuchen
    to hold a \service einen Gottesdienst [ab]halten
    11. esp BRIT (maintenance check) Wartung f; AUTO Inspektion f
    \service contract Wartungsvertrag m
    to take one's car in for a \service sein Auto zur Inspektion bringen
    12. (set of crockery) Service nt
    tea \service Teeservice nt
    13.
    ▶ to be in \service (employed as servant) in Stellung sein; (be in use, in operation) im Einsatz sein
    II. vt
    ▪ to \service sth etw überholen [o überprüfen]; appliances etw warten
    * * *
    ['sɜːvɪs]
    1. n
    1) Dienst m

    his faithful service — seine treuen Dienste

    services to one's country/the Queen (of soldier etc) — Dienst an seinem Vaterland/für die Königin

    her services to industry/the country (politician, industrialist) —

    to do or see good service —

    to be of service to sb —

    to be at sb's service — jdm zur Verfügung stehen; (person also) jdm zu Diensten stehen

    to need the services of a lawyer — einen Anwalt brauchen, einen Anwalt zuziehen müssen

    2) (= operation) Betrieb m

    "this number is not in service" ( US Telec ) — "kein Anschluss under dieser Nummer"

    3) (MIL) Militärdienst m

    to see service as a soldier/sailor — beim Militär/in der Marine dienen

    4) (with adj attr = branch, department etc) -dienst m

    BT offers different telephone services — BT bietet eine Reihe von (Telekommunikations)dienstleistungen an

    5) (to customers) Service m; (in shop, restaurant etc) Bedienung f
    6) (= bus, train, plane service etc) Bus-/Zug-/Flugverbindung f

    to increase services in rural areas — den Verkehr or die Verkehrslage in ländlichen Gebieten verbessern

    there's no service to Oban on Sundays — sonntags besteht kein Zug-/Busverkehr nach Oban

    7) (= domestic service) Dienst m, Stellung f

    to be in service (with sb) — (bei jdm) in Stellung sein, in jds Dienst (dat) stehen

    to go into service (with sb) — (bei jdm) in Stellung gehen, in jds Dienst (acc) treten

    8) (ECCL) Gottesdienst m
    9) (of machines) Wartung f; (AUT = major service) Inspektion f

    my car is in for/has had a service — mein Auto wird/wurde gewartet, mein Auto ist/war zur Inspektion

    10) (= tea or coffee set) Service nt
    11) (TENNIS) Aufschlag m
    12) (JUR) Zustellung f
    13) pl (commercial) Dienstleistungen pl; (gas, electricity, water) Versorgungsnetz nt

    all the services have been cut off — Gas, Wasser und Strom sind abgestellt worden

    2. vt
    1) car, machine warten

    to send a car to be serviced — ein Auto warten lassen; (major service) ein Auto zur Inspektion geben

    2) area bedienen; committee etc zuarbeiten (+dat)
    3) cow, mare decken
    4) (FIN) loan, debt bedienen
    * * *
    service1 [ˈsɜːvıs; US ˈsɜr-]
    A s
    1. Dienst m, Stellung f (besonders von Hausangestellten):
    be in service in Stellung sein;
    take sb into one’s service jemanden einstellen;
    year of service Dienstjahr n
    2. Dienst m, Arbeit f
    3. a) Dienstleistung f ( auch WIRTSCH, JUR), Dienst m (to an dat):
    for services rendered für geleistete Dienste;
    the service to our customers unser Kundendienst;
    he paid her for her services er bezahlte sie für ihre Dienste
    b) pl Verdienste pl (to um)
    4. (guter) Dienst, Hilfe f, Gefälligkeit f:
    to do ( oder render) sb a service jemandem einen Dienst erweisen;
    at your service zu Ihren Diensten;
    be (place) at sb’s service jemandem zur Verfügung stehen (stellen);
    “On Her ( oder His) Majesty’s Service” Postwesen: Br „(gebührenfreie) Dienstsache“
    5. WIRTSCH etc Bedienung f:
    he had to wait five minutes for service er musste fünf Minuten warten, bis er bedient wurde
    6. Nutzen m:
    will it be of any service to you? kann es dir irgend etwas nützen?
    7. (Nacht-, Nachrichten-, Presse-, Telefon- etc) Dienst m
    8. a) Versorgung(sdienst) f(m)
    b) Versorgungsbetrieb m:
    (gas) water service (Gas-)Wasserversorgung
    9. öffentlicher Dienst: → academic.ru/13161/civil_service">civil service, diplomatic A 1
    10. Aufgabe f, Amt n, Funktion f (eines Staatsbeamten etc)
    11. MIL
    a) (Wehr-, Militär) Dienst m
    b) meist pl Truppe f, Waffengattung f
    c) Streitkräfte pl: → active A 8, armed2 1, senior A 3
    12. MIL Aktion f, Unternehmen n
    13. MIL US (technische) Versorgungstruppe
    14. MIL Bedienung f (eines Geschützes etc)
    15. meist pl Hilfsdienst m:
    16. TECH
    a) Bedienung f
    b) Betrieb m (einer Maschine etc):
    in (out of) service in (außer) Betrieb;
    service conditions Betriebsbedingungen, -beanspruchung f
    17. TECH
    a) Wartung f, AUTO auch Inspektion f
    b) Service m, Kundendienst m (auch als Einrichtung)
    18. BAHN etc Verkehr(sfolge) m(f), Betrieb m:
    a twenty-minute service ein Zwanzig-Minuten-Verkehr
    19. REL
    a) Gottesdienst m
    b) Liturgie f
    20. MUS musikalischer Teil (der Liturgie):
    Mozart’s service Mozart-Messe f
    21. Service n (Essgeschirr etc):
    a service for six ein Service für sechs Personen
    22. JUR Zustellung f
    23. JUR, HIST
    a) (Art) Deputat n, Abgabe f
    b) Dienstleistung f (für einen Feudalherrn)
    24. SCHIFF Bekleidung f (eines Taues)
    25. Service m, auch n:
    a) Tennis etc: Aufschlag m:
    hold one’s service sein Aufschlagspiel gewinnen, seinen Aufschlag durchbringen oder halten;
    on one’s (own) service bei eigenem Aufschlag; → break1 B 1
    b) Volleyball: Aufgabe f
    B v/t
    1. TECH
    a) warten, pflegen
    b) überholen, instand setzen:
    my car is being serviced mein Wagen ist bei der Inspektion oder beim Kundendienst
    2. beliefern, versorgen ( beide:
    with mit Material, Nachrichten etc)
    3. ZOOL eine Stute etc decken
    service2 [ˈsɜːvıs; US ˈsɜr-] s BOT
    1. Spierbaum m
    2. auch wild service (tree) Elsbeerbaum m
    serv. abk
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (doing of work for employer etc.) Dienst, der
    2) (something done to help others)

    services — Dienste; (Econ.) Dienstleistungen

    [in recognition of her] services to the hospital/state — [in Anerkennung ihrer] Verdienste um das Krankenhaus/den Staat

    3) (Eccl.) Gottesdienst, der
    4) (act of attending to customer) Service, der; (in shop, garage, etc.) Bedienung, die
    5) (system of transport) Verbindung, die

    the number 325 bus service — die Buslinie Nr. 325

    [after-sale or follow-up] service — Kundendienst, der

    7) no pl., no art. (operation) Betrieb, der

    go or come into service — in Betrieb genommen werden

    8) (Tennis etc.) Aufschlag, der
    9) (crockery set) Service, das

    dessert/tea service — Dessert-/Tee-Service, das

    can I be of service [to you]? — kann ich Ihnen behilflich sein?

    12)
    13) in pl. (Brit.): (public supply) Versorgungseinrichtungen
    14) (Mil.)

    the [armed or fighting] services — die Streitkräfte

    be in/go into service — in Stellung sein/gehen (veralt.) ( with bei)

    2. transitive verb
    1) (provide maintenance for) warten [Wagen, Waschmaschine, Heizung]
    2) (pay interest on) Zinsen zahlen für [Schulden]
    * * *
    n.
    Betrieb -e m.
    Dienst -e m.
    Dienstleistung f.
    Gottesdienst m.
    Kundendienst m.
    Wartung -en f. v.
    warten v.

    English-german dictionary > service

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